ASPEK-ASPEK LAYANAN

COMPUTER AS CENTER OF INFORMATION PROCESSING

Defenition of computer

Computer is a tool that is used to process the data according to procedures that have been formulated. Computer word originally used to describe people who perkerjaannya perform arithmetic calculations, with or without the tools, but the meaning of this word is then transferred to the machine itself. Origins, processing information almost exclusively related to arithmetical problems, but modern computers are used for many tasks unrelated to mathematics.

In that sense there are tools such as slide rules, mechanical calculators types ranging from abacus and so on , until all contemporary electronic computers. The term better suited for a broad sense as "computer" is "that process information" or "information processing systems. "Over the years there have been several different meanings in the word "computer", and several different words are now referred to referred to as the computer.

Said computer once commonly used to define people who perform arithmetic calculations, with or without auxiliary engine. According to Barnhart Concise Dictionary of Etymology, the word is used in English in 1646 as the word for "people who count" and then before 1897 is also used as a "mechanical calculators ". During World War II , the word refers to the workers of the United States and British women who work to calculate artillery war path with the machine count.

Charles Babbage designed one of the first calculating machine called the analytical engine. In addition, a variety of simple mechanical devices such as slide rule also has to be said as a computer.

The use of computers

The first digital computer , has great size and costly to manufacture. Computers are generally used at that time to work on scientific calculations. ENIAC, the U.S. early computers originally designed to account for ballistics tables for weapons (artillery), calculate the density of the neutron cross section to see if the hydrogen bomb would work properly (this calculation, which is carried out in December 1945 to January 1946 and dala involved in more than one million punch cards, and then show the form under consideration would fail). CSIR Mk 1/CSIRAC, Australia's first computer, evaluated rainfall patterns for the catchment of the Snowy Mountains, a large Hydroelectric generation projects. It is also used in cryptanalysis, for example, the first digital electronic computer, Colossus, built during World War II. However, early visionaries also thought that it would allow programming to play chess, moving images and other uses.

The people in the government and large corporations also use computers to automate a lot of data collection and the tasks previously performed by humans - for example, maintaining and updating accounts and inventory . In the field of education, scientists in various fields began to wear their own computer for analysis. The decline in computer prices making them can be used by smaller organizations. Businesses, organizations, and governments often use very many small computers to accomplish tasks that were once performed by the main frame computers were expensive and bulky. Collection of smaller computers in one location referred to as a server farm.

With the invention of the microprocessor in the 1970s, computers became possible to produce very cheap. PCs are becoming popular for many tasks, including storing books, writing and printing documents. And other repetitive calculations predict mathematics with lembatang spread, associated with the e - mail and, the Internet. However, the widespread availability of computers and easy customization has seen them used for many other purposes .

Simultaneously, a small computer, usually with a set programming, began to find their way into other devices such as home appliances, cars, airplanes, and industrial equipment. The embedded processor that controls the behavior of the tool as it is much easier, allowing more complex control behavior (for events, the development of anti - lock brakes on a car). When the twenty-first century began, most power tools, most forms of powered transportation, and most of the production limit in addition to a computer controlled plant. Most engineers tend to predict that this will continue.

Defenition of information

Object or information is any data that can be used by users of information to achieve a particular goal as expected. Information is obtained from sources contained information wherever we meet. In every aspect of human life can not always be separated from the information, information that is both individual and general information or general berisifat. In fact humans always need the information to perform activities apupun and wherever, needed information can be oral or written and even Visual and audio-visual. It is not much information would be the man to remain a staple thrive and survive, with the condition that a diperlukanya information in terms of time can be easily obtained while the quality is the accuracy of the information.

From time to time experienced perkembanagan information very rapidly with the development of information science eknologi, with the development of information technology, the users of the information more easily obtain information as needed, but this development must be balanced with the development of human resources and supported by the media or means adequate information.

It is very supportive of all human activities in a shared field, one of them in the field of Office. An Office where information is always concerned with the activities, both in terms of incoming data and then proceed to the processing of data information to penginformasian data have been processed. The information in the office is always information that can be used by actors or personnel activity within the office or in the form of information that is common.

The computer industry is the result of sophisticated beneficial

The computer as we know it today is the result of the development of electronic technology and computer informatics so that its original shape and eating places are large, now small shaped with great ability. The progress of industrial electronic components IC (integrated circuit) has prompted the creation of various IC chips diverse devices support a variety of purposes and manufacture of electronic products. Advances in technology electronics are not separated from the advancement of knowledge and processing of semiconductor materials, especially silicon.

Benefits computers today are quite diverse ranging as a tool to write, draw, edit photos, play video, play a song to the analysis of research data and to operate the programs completion problems of scientific, industrial and flying businesses. The world has long known son game tool controlled by a computer system. In industry, the computer has been used to control production machinery with high precision (eg CNC, a versatile machine in the metal industry) so that we can find a variety of metal products industry varied and we imagine is difficult if done manually. Many of the machines in the garment industry are equipped with computer control, for example, the company can produce bodir cap hat with embroidery uniform image quality in large quantities in a short time. In trading companies such as department stores have used a cash register (cash registers) are equipped with computer control so that the machine can only be controlled by the manager of his room alone. In education, in addition to tools found as a lesson, many laboratory instruments are equipped with a computer so that the tool can work more closely to overcome obstacles and barriers to the human senses. From the field of education and research that uses such tools generated a variety of useful research results that do not taste has been widely used in people's daily life a lot. Various drugs either for human health as well as agriculture and animal husbandry has been widely used by the public. In the field of biotechnology, the equipment has a lot of culture that comes with the computer controls the precise work to commercialize sterile space. The Australian company has developed a robot for the purposes of this biotechnology. The application of the most sophisticated computer controls contained in aircraft and spacecraft. To be able to overcome the obstacles of nature and difficult to do manually by a pilot, an aircraft can be controlled automatically so that it can fly safely at your destination.

Similarly, the magnitude of the benefits of computers, for it is introduced in this paper on a computer and how to assemble them . In this paper did not explain carefully how to build an electronic circuit to build a computer or computer software (software), in order to know this you still have to study in the fields of Electronics and Information Technology. This paper is not intended that any of you know or understand computers , you can know with computer parts, assemble them and get to know how it works, especially knowing how to operate the software application then you will feel the benefits of such a large computer  Here again is not elaborated on the history of the invention of the computer, you just need to believe that the computer industry is the result of utilizing a variety of research and testing results of bebeberapa scientific fields. For example, the scientific field of electronics, informatics, management, materials chemistry, materials physics, physical chemistry, electrochemistry and others.

It was a couple of computer technology which will be released in 2010, if viewed from a technology and sophistication is to come in 2010 tabhun really - really quite fantastic. TriBook with three ultra wide -screen concept that is 21? the width of the screen. He also has an 8x SuperDrive, 1TB hard drive, and the MacBook Pro - caliber CPU, plus a trackpad multitouch keyboard.

Feedback and results

I / O allows a computer to get information from the outside world, and his work put in there, can be physical (hardcopy) or non-physical (softcopy). There are various kinds of tools I / O, from the familiar keyboard, monitor and disk drive, to the more unusual such as a webcam (web camera, printer, scanner, and so on.

Owned by all the usual input devices is that they encode (convert) information of a kind to the data that can be further processed by a digital computer system. Tool output, decode the data into information that can be understood by the computer user. In this sense, the digital computer system is an example of a data processing system.

Instructions

Commands discussed above is not the command like human language. The computer only has a limited number of simple commands are properly formulated. Ordinary commands that are understood most computers are "copy the contents of cell 123, and a 456 cell clone in", "add the contents of cells 666 to 042 cells, and the result in cell 013", and "if the contents of cell 999 is 0, the next command you in cell 345".

Instructions are represented as numbers in a computer - code for "copying" may be 001, for example. A special set of commands that are supported by a particular computer is known as machine language. In practice, people usually do not write orders for computers directly in machine language but using a programming language "high level" which is then translated into machine language automatically by special computer programs (interpreters and compilers). Some programming languages ​​are closely related to machine language, assembler (low level language), on the other hand, languages ​​like Prolog are based on abstract principles far removed from the actual implementation details by machine (high level language).

As Human Information Processing

Management information system is a system of human / machine. SIM designing decision makers tend to bind tightly to the machine processing system. And administrative functions carried out certain work based on the requirements of the computer. Because the man is an important element in information processing systems, Pernahaman humans as information processing capabilities is important for the design of information systems.

This chapter outlines a general model and Newell-Simon models of human as an information processor, this chapter also describes some boundaries while processing the human and the human perception of differences. A discussion of the effect of data compression over human achievement, and the value of unused data psikokogis completes the explanation of the possibility of the use of data. Pcngumpulan data. and storage are not rational.

Effect Of The Achievement Of Human Data Compression

This encourages the use of compressed data or summaries which reduces the volume of data that must be processed recipients. The question which then arises is the effect of compressed data over human achievement. Is the decision achievement increased after the data summarized than the raw data that has not been summarized? In a research has been conducted on Management Information systems research center at the University of Minnesota, subjects were asked urituk decision task. One group was given data that has been summarized and the other group was given a raw transaction data. The results are interesting for the design of information systems. The group with the data summarized taking better decisions but are less sure of their decision. This can partly manager inenjelaskan reluctance to remove a list of transaction details. Viewing the raw data may not improve the performance of a manager's decision, but the decision will strengthen confidence.

Implications For Design Of Information Systems

The information overload on human input and feedback required to be kept below the point of load limits.

The information system should help in defining the problem and in the process of searching for a solution. The format information should be trying to loosen the limits of rationality bond. Systems do not rely solely human processing. Differences were considered system should make a clear distinction and do not assume anything humans can notice. Man as an intuitive expert statistical concretization Fixing and Adjustment Effect of data compression .

The information system should provide a statistical analysis of the above

deviation of data tokens (sample), correlation, the estimated probability, and so on.